The effect of implementing Peplau's theory of interpersonal communication on the quality of life of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with AIDS face many problems, including problems related to treatment, social and family exclusion, high treatment costs, and drug complications, which affect the quality of life of these patients and change it. The aim was to determine the effect of the application of Peplau's theory of interpersonal communication on the quality of life of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 50 AIDS patients referred to Shahrekord Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center. Simple random sampling was performed and then the sample was assigned to two groups experimental and control. The theory of therapeutic communication of Peplau on patients in the experimental group was performed individually and immediately after the intervention and three months later the quality of life questionnaire was completed in both groups. In this research, the data collection tool includes a demographic information questionnaire and a WHOQOL-BREF. The WHOQOLBREF questionnaire measures the four domains of physical health, mental health, social relationships, and environmental health with 24 questions. The chi-square or Fisher's exact test, independent T-test and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used to compare the quality of life of patients. RESULTS: Data analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the mean score of quality of life between the experimental and control groups before the implementation of Peplau's interpersonal communication theory (p=0.927). But after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of quality of life between the two groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Findings of the study show the positive effects of using Peplau's therapeutic communication model on quality of life. Therefore, this method is recommended as an effective and cost-effective care model for all patients referred to the Shahrekord Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center.

The Effect of the Nursing Care Based on the Roy Adaptation Model on the Level of the Quality of Life and Fatigue in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.

This article reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the effectiveness of the Roy Adaptation Model, as it relates to improvements in nursing care outcomes for patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery. Results revealed that the implementation of a training program based on this model enhanced staff education and led to decreases in the level of fatigue and improved the quality of life for this group of patients.

The effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy in the myocardial infarction patients.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The myocardial infarction is the most severe manifestation of coronary artery disease. The promotion of self-efficacy in these patients can be effective in the improvement of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy of the patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS: The current study was a clinical trial that was conducted in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahr-e Kord (Iran) with the participation of 96 patients with myocardial infarction. The research units were blocked randomly into two 48-patient intervention and control groups. The training content was provided to the intervention group in five stages and they were asked to implement in three months. The demographic information questionnaire, the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life questionnaire, and Sullivan Self-Efficacy questionnaire were the data collection instruments. The mean scores of pre and post-intervention were compared by the use of SPSS, version 16, software, paired t-test, single t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's Exact Test. FINDINGS: The results showed that the mean squares of quality of life and self-efficacy in pre and postintervention had a significant difference and the intervention group had a higher quality of life and self-efficacy levels compared to the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it is suggested to use this model for empowerment and caring of patients besides the medicinal treatments, so that it would not lead to inability, reduction about the medical centers, frequent hospitalization, and ultimately, reduction in medical costs, and promotion of the society's health.

The effect of teach-back training intervention of breathing exercise on the level of dyspnea, six-minutes walking test and FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible pulmonary obstruction. Respiratory exercise training by a feedback-based model besides the routine managements have been considered to perform. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty exacerbated COPD patients with informed consent were divided to the control group (n = 40) received the routine approach and the intervention group (n = 40) received a teach-back training method (TBTM) of respiratory exercise including diaphragmatic breathing (DB), pursed-lip breathing (PLB), and effective coughing (EC) plus routine approach. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by measurement of the FEV1/FVC ratio, the Borg scale of dyspnea (BSD), and the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) results at the baseline, just after TBTM, and next 3 months. RESULTS: FEV1/FVC ratio has been indicated the significant improvement followed by TBTM compare to the baseline (p < 0.001). Moreover, the BSD scores in 3-month follow-up after TBTM were significantly lower compared to the baseline (6 ± 1.3 vs. 3.8 ± 0.78, p < 0.001). Although a significant difference was reported in 6MWT distance between two groups after 3-month follow-up (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference immediately after the TBTM (p = 0.992) that suggested a long-term effect of educational intervention on physical activity. CONCLUSION: Significant enhancement in the clinical variables can demonstrate the efficacy of the TBTM program in reducing COPD patients' symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http//www.irct.ir.Unique identifier: IRCT20181024041449N5.

Commitment to care: the most important coping strategies among family caregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Caregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis often experience an intensive burden of care; therefore, it is important to understand the type of strategies that are used by caregivers to adapt and to commit themselves to caring for another individual. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the specific coping strategies used by family caregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis. METHODS: In this qualitative study, 16 family caregivers of patients undergoing haemodialysis were selected through purposive sampling in four dialysis centres in south of Iran. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. A content analysis of the interviews was performed to determine relevant themes. RESULTS: Data analysis resulted in the emergence of four categories including 'cultural and religious constructs', 'sense of responsibility', 'self-restraint' and 'satisfactory caring', as whole of these categories are included in the main theme of 'commitment to care' which is experienced by the family caregivers during the care of patients undergoing haemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that coping strategies stemming from the cultural beliefs of caregivers are very salient in their commitment to care; thus, the health-care team, especially nurses, should encourage family caregivers to use these strategies to maintain their physical and psychological health and to provide quality care for patients.

The effect of family training and support on the quality of life and cost of hospital readmissions in congestive heart failure patients in Iran.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of family training and support on quality of life and cost of hospital readmissions in congestive heart failure patients. METHODS: In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, the participants were heart failure patients hospitalized in an Iranian hospital. Data were collected from available hospitalized patients. The participants were enrolled through randomized sampling and were divided randomly into two groups, an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received extra training package for the disease. Training was provided at discharge and three months after. A standard questionnaire to assess the QoL was filled out by both groups at discharge and six months after. RESULTS: Mean scores of QoL domains at the beginning of the study decreased in control group and increased in intervention in comparison with six months after (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Nursing care follow-up according to heart failure patients' needs promoted their QoL.